Course Overview
Introduction to HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design webpages. It serves as the backbone of web development, structuring content and allowing browsers to display it correctly.
Key Concepts:
- Markup Language: HTML is a markup language, which means it uses tags to annotate the text. These tags provide instructions to the browser on how to format and display the content.
- Elements and Tags:
- Elements: The building blocks of HTML. An element typically consists of an opening tag, content, and a closing tag. For example:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
- Tags: Keywords enclosed in angle brackets, which come in pairs (opening and closing) to define elements. The closing tag has a forward slash before the tag name.
- Elements: The building blocks of HTML. An element typically consists of an opening tag, content, and a closing tag. For example:
- Attributes: Attributes provide additional information about elements. They are included within the opening tag and usually come in name/value pairs. For example:
<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>
In this case,
hrefis an attribute of the<a>(anchor) element, and its value is the URL - Document Structure: A basic HTML document structure includes:
- Doctype Declaration: Specifies the HTML version. The current standard is HTML5, declared as:
- HTML Element: The root element containing all other elements.
<html>
</html>
- Head Element: Contains meta-information, title, links to stylesheets, and scripts.
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
- Body Element: Contains the actual content to be displayed on the webpage.
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph in the body.</p>
</body>
- Doctype Declaration: Specifies the HTML version. The current standard is HTML5, declared as:
- Semantic HTML: HTML5 introduced semantic elements that convey the meaning of the content more clearly. Examples include
<header>,<footer>,<article>,<section>, and<nav>. - HTML Versions: HTML has evolved over the years. The most significant versions include:
- HTML 4.01: Introduced in 1999, a major version that was widely used.
- XHTML: A stricter version of HTML using XML syntax.
- HTML5: The current version, introduced in 2014, with new features and elements for modern web development.
Benefits of HTML:
- Simplicity: Easy to learn and use, making it accessible for beginners.
- Universality: Supported by all browsers, ensuring wide compatibility.
- Flexibility: Can be combined with other languages like CSS (for styling) and JavaScript (for interactivity).
- SEO-Friendly: Proper use of HTML elements helps in optimizing webpages for search engines.
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